Understanding a diagnosis
Start with the one that sounds like your child.
If you're here because you're scared, that's okay. You're not alone, and noticing is the first act of advocacy.
Every page here follows the same shape: what this actually is, early signs by age, ordered steps to take next, trustworthy organizations to read, and a detailed walkthrough of your IEP meeting — before, during, and after.
Learning
Dyslexia
Most detailedA difference in how the brain processes the sounds inside words — not a measure of how smart your child is.
Read the guideDysgraphia
When getting ideas from the brain onto the page is the hard part — not the ideas themselves.
Read the guideDyscalculia
A math learning difference that runs deeper than "bad at math" — it starts with number sense itself.
Read the guideSpecific Learning Disability (General)
The umbrella category — for when something is clearly hard, and it doesn't have a name yet.
Read the guide
Attention & Behavior
ADHD
A difference in how the brain regulates attention, impulse, and activity — an executive function difference, not a character flaw.
Read the guideAnxiety
When worry stops being a feeling and starts making decisions — including whether your child can walk into school.
Read the guideEmotional / Behavioral Disorders
Behavior is communication. The question is never just "how do we stop it" — it's "what is it telling us?"
Read the guideOCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder)
Not tidiness — a loop of frightening thoughts and the rituals that briefly quiet them.
Read the guideODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder)
A label that describes what a child does — the work is finding out why, and what skill is missing.
Read the guideTourette Syndrome & Tic Disorders
Tics aren't chosen, and suppressing them all day costs more than most adults realize.
Read the guide
Developmental
Autism Spectrum Disorder
A different way of experiencing communication, social connection, and sensory input — a whole way of being, not a deficit list.
Read the guideDown Syndrome
A genetic difference with a well-worn path of support — and a community that will welcome you immediately.
Read the guideIntellectual / Developmental Disability
A slower path to learning — with a destination that still includes independence, work, and a life your child chooses.
Read the guideMultiple Disabilities
When needs overlap, the plan has to be built as one plan — not stapled together from three.
Read the guide
Sensory
Deaf / Hard of Hearing
Access to language is the whole game — and there is more than one right way to give it.
Read the guideBlind / Visually Impaired
With the right skills and materials, vision loss changes how your child learns — not how much.
Read the guideDeaf-Blindness
Two sensory differences together create a third, distinct need — and a specific set of specialists who know it well.
Read the guideSensory Processing Differences
When ordinary noise, light, and touch arrive too loud or too quiet — and the school day is built for neither.
Read the guide
Medical & Physical
Orthopedic Impairment / Physical Disability
The building, the desk, and the schedule should adapt to your child — not the other way around.
Read the guideTraumatic Brain Injury
Recovery isn't a straight line, and the IEP has to be able to move as fast as your child does.
Read the guideOther Health Impairment
For chronic conditions — epilepsy, diabetes, asthma, and more — where health is what's standing between your child and the school day.
Read the guideCerebral Palsy
A movement difference — with a mind that deserves to be assumed brilliant until proven otherwise.
Read the guide